A Guide to Caring for Special Needs Dogs

“Special needs dog” is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of dogs with different needs and conditions. The dog may have physical or behavioral issues that require extra care and attention. This may mean you need to adapt their diet, home life, and medical treatments.

Let’s go over specialized care, training strategies, and other essentials when caring for a special needs dog.

Understanding Special Needs Dogs

Here are some of the common special needs of dogs and how each condition can affect the daily life and care of the dog.

Blindness

Dogs can lose their sight either partially or completely. This may be due to cataracts, glaucoma, progressive retinal atrophy, hereditary conditions, injury, and other diseases. Aging often results in vision loss.

Many dogs can gradually adjust to their lack of vision, learning to rely on their other senses. You can make environmental modifications at home to better care for your vision-impaired dog. Here are some care tips:

• Declutter the home to ensure unobstructed movement for blind dogs
• Cover sharp ends of furniture and objects
• Place textured markers in front of water bowls, food stations, and rest areas for easier navigation
• Attach bells to other pets if your dog gets frightened when caught off guard by other animals

Deafness

Dogs can lose their hearing from traumatic injuries, ear infections, and genetic defects. Breeds with a higher risk of congenital deafness include the Great Dane, German Shepherd, Samoyed, and Greyhound. Aging can also result in hearing loss.

A dog with hearing impairment will need to learn how to respond to touch and visual signals that are used instead of auditory cues. It is also important to leash train dogs with deafness and use a leash whenever in an unprotected environment or outside. Otherwise, they may end up in dangerous situations and locations.

Mobility issues

A dog may have mobility problems and physical disabilities due to a wide range of causes, including disease, injuries, aging, and congenital defects. This may mean stairs can pose heightened risks and they may feel pain when moving around.

Through assistive devices and accommodations, you can provide your mobility-impaired dog with valuable support, helping them more easily navigate the world around them while reducing pain. Common options include dog wheelchairs, harnesses, and orthopedic beds.

Food allergies

A dog with a food allergy may be considered a special needs dog. Allergies can be severe and life-threatening as dogs develop gastrointestinal distress and other symptoms when their allergies are triggered. For example, some dogs are allergic to poultry and beef.

Behavioral issues

Dogs, particularly ones that have suffered through abuse and trauma, can exhibit various behavioral issues and concerns. They may bark excessively, chew and destroy furniture, have elimination issues in the house, and be unusually aggressive. This destructive behavior often comes from a place of fear and anxiety due to unpleasant past experiences.

It can be frustrating to care for a dog with identified behavioral issues. However, through special training, assistance from a professional dog behaviorist, and lots of love and patience, it is possible to reduce or even eliminate these behavioral issues.

Creating a Safe and Supportive Environment

Home modifications for accessibility and safety

Safety is number one. Pet owners should consider their pet’s special needs and make suitable adaptations to the home. Most dogs that have sensory impairments can benefit from textured mats and rugs that are strategically placed in front of key areas, such as the food bowl and bed. Applying familiar, unchanging scents to the key areas can help blind dogs find their desired locations more easily.

Homes with objects strewn around, sharp edges, and objects at risk of being knocked over can be dangerous for dogs with special needs. Make sure to dog-proof the home by routinely decluttering it and keeping the areas clean and safe.

Useful environmental modifications include:

• Ramps and stairs
• Non-slip surfaces
• Elevated feeding stations (for dogs with neck/back issues)
• Textured mats
• Scented key locations
• Clean and organized home
• Predictable, constant furniture locations

Providing sensory stimulation for blind or deaf dogs

Dogs with sensory impairments can benefit greatly from additional stimulation. Enrichment helps keep dogs happy and comfortable. Make sure you choose toys and activities that are appropriate for your dog. For example, a blind dog may prefer playing with toys that squeak and crackle. They can also enjoy scented rubber chews and other dog-friendly options.

Emotional support

Don’t forget to spend quality time with your dog. Play with them regularly to deepen your bond while building mutual trust and understanding. Naturally spending time with your special needs dog is a good way to show them that you are there for them, particularly if they are facing new challenges.

Implementing Specialized Care Practices

Nutrition considerations for special needs dogs

A dog with special needs may require a special diet. Talk with your veterinarian to ensure that your dog is getting the nutrition they need to stay healthy.

If your dog has a food allergy, it is critical to monitor their diet carefully. Their kibble needs to be nutritious but allergen-free, which can limit dietary choices and increase pet expenses.

Exercise and physical therapy routines

Even if a dog has a disability, it is important that they have a safe and suitable exercise or physical therapy routine. This helps ensure overall wellness. Since it may be risky or painful for disabled dogs to move around, make sure you consult with a veterinarian to create a suitable routine.

Grooming and hygiene tips for dogs

If a dog has mobility issues, sensory impairments, behavioral issues, or other sensitivities, it can be difficult to groom them. Implementing a predictable routine and using positive reinforcement can help them sit through grooming and dental cleaning sessions more easily.

Emergency plan

A dog with special needs may encounter more frequent emergencies, such as acute medical incidents. Always keep a first aid kit at home and with you when traveling with your dog. The first aid kit should include items that cater to your dog’s needs, such as special medications.

Veterinary care and medications

Your special needs dog may benefit from painkillers and other medications that can improve their overall wellbeing. Work with your vet to ensure that your dog has access to a nutritional and safe diet, along with supplements and medications that can benefit their situation.

Pain management plans for health conditions and special needs may include physical therapy, medications, and alternative treatments.

Socialization and Training Strategies

Building trust and confidence is critical for socializing and training a dog with special needs. As you train them, it’s best to stick with a consistent daily routine. Introduce new things gradually so that your dog isn’t overwhelmed, especially if their special needs are new to them. Here are some generally effective strategies.

1. Create a safe and predictable environment

When feeding, walking, and playing with your dog, be consistent. Choose the same time everyday so that your dogs can feel secure and understand what to expect each day.

Provide your special needs dog with a safe, comfortable environment. If they have sensory impairments, try to avoid loud and unexpected sounds. Give them a special place, like a specific room or a cozy corner, where they can hide with their favorite toys when feeling stressed.

2. Be gentle when interacting

Patience and kindness are key to bonding with and training a special needs dog. Always approach the dog slowly and calmly, since abrupt movements can startle them.

When petting and interacting with your dog, using a gentle touch can help build positive associations. Your dog will gradually learn that you are a safe and trustworthy presence. This is particularly important if your dog exhibits behavioral issues such as aggression, barking, and destructive behavior.

3. Reward your dog

Dogs can be trained using positive reinforcement, which comes with much better results than punishment. A punished dog will not understand why they are being punished.

Positive reinforcement involves rewarding your dog when they show desirable behavior, reinforcing that behavior so they are more likely to repeat it in the future.

To improve the effectiveness of training sessions, use high-reward treats that your dog loves only during training. You can also reward them with praise and affection, but remember to approach and move slowly depending on your dog’s body language.

4. Adapt training techniques to your dog’s special needs

Special training techniques have been devised to accommodate dogs with special needs. Here are a few examples of training adaptations based on the special needs and impairments of a dog.

Clicker training is great for blind dogs. The owner can use the clicker to audibly indicate the beginning and end of a command, making it clear when the dog should be paying attention. Training with

Training with scent is an all around effective way to train dogs with handicaps and disabilities. Make sure to use strong but dog-safe scents, such as vanilla, to help guide your dog. Scent maps are a fantastic way to help dogs with sensory impairments navigate the home.

Touch and physical signals can be a good way to train both deaf and blind dogs. For example, stomping hard on the floor can be a simple way to grab a deaf dog’s attention. A safe vibrating collar can also be useful to get the attention of a hearing impaired dog.

Sign language is a surprisingly useful way to train and communicate with deaf dogs. By linking hand signals with basic commands, many dogs can understand what you want them to do.

Sourcing Pet Insurance for Special Needs Dogs

Pet insurance offers valuable financial protection, covering medical expenses for dogs. There are three main types of pet insurance coverage that may benefit your special needs dog:

• Accident-only coverage: Covers treatment and diagnosis costs related to accidents. Special needs dogs may get into accidents more easily, so accident pet insurance is highly recommended. Common accidents include broken bones, lacerations, and toxic ingestion.

• Accident and illness coverage: Also known as comprehensive coverage. This covers vet expenses related to accidents and illnesses. Note that your dog’s special needs may not be covered if the policy excludes them from coverage.

• Wellness plan: Covers preventive care vet expenses, such as dental cleanings and annual wellness exams. Sold as an insurance add-on, wellness plans can offer great value.

Factors to consider when selecting a pet insurance plan

Deductible: This refers to the amount you need to pay out-of-pocket before insurance kicks in. Most pet owners choose a plan with a $250 deductible.

Premium: The pet insurance premium is how much you pay for active coverage each month.

Pre-existing conditions: Most pet insurance policies do not cover pre-existing conditions (i.e. any condition diagnosed before coverage was obtained). Because of this, they may not cover treatment costs for disabilities and health conditions. Before obtaining insurance, make sure to see whether the policy will suit your dog’s special needs.

Specialist care: Pet insurance may cover specialist care depending on policy details. If you have a special needs dog, access to more affordable specialist care can go a long way in lowering your overall vet expenses.

Coverage limit: Most dog owners choose an annual coverage limit of $10,000. However, you might want to opt for a higher limit for your special needs dog since additional veterinary attention may be beneficial.

Tips for finding pet insurance providers that cater to special needs dogs

Pet owners should take their time to choose an insurance provider that caters to their dogs’ special needs. Since coverage limitations can be complex when a dog has a special condition, it is a good idea to opt for a pet insurer with good customer service and a smooth claims process.

Here are some of the best pet insurance providers for special needs dogs.

• Pumpkin
• ASPCA
• Lemonade
• Embrace

Summary

Caring for a special needs dog can be complicated, but it is a journey filled with joy and appreciation. Special needs dogs are just like other dogs in that you can build a strong bond with them through love and dedication. In return, they will shower you with love and affection, providing you with priceless friendship.